Matěj Kunz

Cloning vectors are DNA molecules with inserted DNA fragments. They are useful for copying fragments of DNA as they can be introduced into a host cell and replicate.

Restriction enzymes are enzymes produced by bacteria that recognize and cut specific nucleotide sequences in DNA, which we call recognition sequences or restriction sites.

Xeroderma pigmentosum is a disease that illustrates what happens when DNA repair does not work properly. The disease is characterized by abnormal skin pigmentation that resembles freckles and sensitivity to sunlight.

The organism has dfferent mechanisms that it can use repair DNA damage. In this article, we will talk about the mismatch repair, base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, double-strand break repair, nonhomologous end joining, and homologous recombination.

Fragile X syndrome is a very common form of inherited